SpringBoot4系列03 - 集成Spring Data JPA与Hibernate 7

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<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-webmvc</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-validation</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>com.mysql</groupId>
    <artifactId>mysql-connector-j</artifactId>
    <scope>runtime</scope>
</dependency>

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<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa-test</artifactId>
    <scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-webmvc-test</artifactId>
    <scope>test</scope>
</dependency>

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spring:
  jpa:
    hibernate:
      ddl-auto: validate
    open-in-view: false
    properties:
      hibernate:
        format_sql: true
        jdbc:
          time_zone: Asia/Shanghai
    show-sql: false

logging:
  level:
    org.hibernate.SQL: DEBUG
    org.hibernate.orm.jdbc.bind: TRACE

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@Entity
@Table(name = "t_order")
@SoftDelete(columnName = "deleted")
@EntityListeners(AuditingEntityListener.class)
public class Order {

    @Id
    @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
    private Long id;

    @Column(name = "order_no", nullable = false, unique = true, length = 32)
    private String orderNo;

    @Enumerated(EnumType.STRING)
    @Column(nullable = false, length = 16)
    private OrderStatus status;

    @Version
    @Column(nullable = false)
    private Integer version;

    @CreatedDate
    @Column(name = "created_at", nullable = false, updatable = false)
    private LocalDateTime createdAt;

    @LastModifiedDate
    @Column(name = "updated_at", nullable = false)
    private LocalDateTime updatedAt;

    @OneToMany(mappedBy = "order", cascade = CascadeType.ALL,
               orphanRemoval = true, fetch = FetchType.LAZY)
    private List<OrderItem> items = new ArrayList<>();
}

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public void addItem(OrderItem item) {
    item.setOrder(this);
    this.items.add(item);
}

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@SpringBootApplication
@EnableJpaAuditing(dateTimeProviderRef = "auditingDateTimeProvider")
public class JpaApplication {

    @Bean
    public DateTimeProvider auditingDateTimeProvider() {
        return () -> Optional.of(LocalDateTime.now().truncatedTo(ChronoUnit.MILLIS));
    }
}

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"createdAt":"2026-09-18T18:39:45.4966677"

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"createdAt":"2026-09-18T18:39:45.497"

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"createdAt":"2026-09-18T19:01:11.128"

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public void replaceItems(List<OrderItem> newItems) {
    this.items.clear();
    newItems.forEach(this::addItem);
}

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update t_order_item set deleted=true where id=? and deleted=false

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Optional<Order> findByOrderNo(String orderNo);

boolean existsByOrderNo(String orderNo);

List<Order> findByStatusOrderByCreatedAtDesc(OrderStatus status);

long countByStatus(OrderStatus status);

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@Query("select o from Order o where o.totalAmount >= :minAmount order by o.totalAmount desc")
List<Order> findNotCheaperThan(@Param("minAmount") BigDecimal minAmount);

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@Query("""
        select new com.xncoding.jpa.dto.OrderStatusStat(
                   o.status, count(o), coalesce(sum(o.totalAmount), 0))
        from Order o
        group by o.status
        order by o.status
        """)
List<OrderStatusStat> statByStatus();

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@Query(value = "select count(*) from t_order where status = :status and deleted = 0",
        nativeQuery = true)
long countActiveByStatus(@Param("status") String status);

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public interface OrderSummary {
    Long getId();
    String getOrderNo();
    BigDecimal getTotalAmount();
    OrderStatus getStatus();
}

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public interface OrderSummaryRepository extends Repository<Order, Long> {
    List<OrderSummary> findByStatus(OrderStatus status);
}

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public static Specification<Order> keywordContains(String keyword) {
    return (root, query, cb) -> {
        String pattern = "%" + keyword.toLowerCase() + "%";
        return cb.or(
                cb.like(cb.lower(root.get("orderNo")), pattern),
                cb.like(cb.lower(root.get("customerName")), pattern));
    };
}

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public static Specification<Order> allOfNullable(Specification<Order>... specs) {
    return Specification.allOf(Arrays.stream(specs)
            .filter(Objects::nonNull)
            .toList());
}

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@Version
@Column(nullable = false)
private Integer version;

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update t_order set customer_name=?, customer_phone=?, order_no=?, remark=?, status=?,
       total_amount=?, updated_at=?, version=? where id=? and version=?

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private void checkVersion(Order order, Integer clientVersion) {
    if (clientVersion != null && !clientVersion.equals(order.getVersion())) {
        throw BusinessException.conflict(
                "订单已被其他人修改，请刷新后重试（当前版本 %d，提交版本 %d）"
                        .formatted(order.getVersion(), clientVersion));
    }
}

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update t_order set deleted=true where id=? and deleted=false and version=?

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orderRepository.flush();

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@SoftDelete(columnName = "deleted")

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update
    t_order
set
    deleted=true
where
    id=?
    and deleted=false
    and version=?
      binding parameter (1:BIGINT) <- [3]
      binding parameter (2:INTEGER) <- [0]

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+----+--------------------------+-----------+---------+---------+
| id | order_no                 | status    | deleted | version |
+----+--------------------------+-----------+---------+---------+
|  1 | ORD2026091801            | CREATED   |       0 |       0 |
|  2 | ORD2026091802            | PAID      |       0 |       0 |
|  3 | ORD2026091803            | SHIPPED   |       1 |       0 |
|  4 | ORD2026091804            | COMPLETED |       0 |       0 |
|  5 | ORD2026091805            | CREATED   |       0 |       0 |
|  6 | ORD202609181901110307456 | PAID      |       0 |       2 |
+----+--------------------------+-----------+---------+---------+

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@Query(value = "select count(*) from t_order where status = :status and deleted = 0",
        nativeQuery = true)
long countActiveByStatus(@Param("status") String status);

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GET /api/orders/count?status=SHIPPED

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select ... from t_order o1_0 where o1_0.deleted=false order by o1_0.created_at desc limit ?, ?
select count(o1_0.id) from t_order o1_0 where o1_0.deleted=false
select ... from t_order_item i1_0 where i1_0.order_id=? and i1_0.deleted=false
select ... from t_order_item i1_0 where i1_0.order_id=? and i1_0.deleted=false
select ... from t_order_item i1_0 where i1_0.order_id=? and i1_0.deleted=false
select ... from t_order_item i1_0 where i1_0.order_id=? and i1_0.deleted=false
select ... from t_order_item i1_0 where i1_0.order_id=? and i1_0.deleted=false

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spring:
  jpa:
    properties:
      hibernate:
        default_batch_fetch_size: 50

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select ... from t_order_item i1_0
where i1_0.order_id in (?, ?, ..., ?) and i1_0.deleted=false

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@EntityGraph(attributePaths = "items")
Optional<Order> findWithItemsById(Long id);

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select o1_0.id, ..., i1_0.product_name, ...
from t_order o1_0
left join t_order_item i1_0 on o1_0.id=i1_0.order_id and i1_0.deleted=false
where o1_0.id=? and o1_0.deleted=false

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public static OrderResponse from(Order order) {
    return new OrderResponse(
            order.getId(),
            order.getOrderNo(),
            ...,
            order.getItems().stream().map(OrderItemView::from).toList(),
            ...);
}

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mysql -h 127.0.0.1 -P 3306 -uroot -p < src/main/resources/sql/schema.sql

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curl -i -X POST http://localhost:8080/api/orders \
  -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
  -d '{"customerName":"熊大","customerPhone":"13800138000","totalAmount":299.50,"remark":"演示下单",
       "items":[{"productName":"机械键盘","price":299.50,"quantity":1},
                {"productName":"腕托","price":25.00,"quantity":2}]}'

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# 第一次，带上当前版本号 0，200，版本号变成 1
curl -i -X PUT http://localhost:8080/api/orders/6 \
  -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
  -d '{"customerName":"熊大","customerPhone":"13900139000","totalAmount":888.00,
       "remark":"改了金额","items":[{"productName":"机械键盘","price":888.00,"quantity":1}],
       "version":0}'

# 第二次，还拿版本号 0，这个已经过期了，409
curl -i -X PUT http://localhost:8080/api/orders/6 \
  -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
  -d '{"customerName":"熊大","customerPhone":"13900139000","totalAmount":666.00,
       "remark":"并发写入","version":0}'

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# 合法：CREATED -> PAID，200
curl -i -X PATCH http://localhost:8080/api/orders/6/status \
  -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '{"status":"PAID"}'

# 非法：PAID -> CREATED，422
curl -i -X PATCH http://localhost:8080/api/orders/6/status \
  -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '{"status":"CREATED"}'

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curl -s http://localhost:8080/api/orders/stats

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@DataJpaTest
@AutoConfigureTestDatabase(replace = AutoConfigureTestDatabase.Replace.NONE)
@ActiveProfiles("test")
class OrderRepositorySliceTest { ... }

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@SpringBootTest
@AutoConfigureMockMvc
@ActiveProfiles("test")
@Transactional
class OrderApiIntegrationTest { ... }

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@Test
@DisplayName("查询订单：明细在事务内被转成 DTO，open-in-view 关掉也不炸")
void getByIdReturnsItemsDespiteOpenInViewDisabled() {
    OrderResponse created = createOrder(uniqueTag());

    MvcTestResult result = mockMvc.get().uri("/api/orders/{id}", created.id()).exchange();
    result.assertThat().hasStatusOk();

    OrderResponse reloaded = jsonMapper.readValue(bodyText(result), OrderResponse.class);
    assertThat(reloaded.items()).hasSize(2);
}

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spring:
  datasource:
    hikari:
      initialization-fail-timeout: -1
      connection-timeout: 3000

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Tests run: 38, Failures: 0, Errors: 0, Skipped: 0
BUILD SUCCESS

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2026-09-18T19:01:11.098+08:00 DEBUG 4144 --- [springboot4-jpa] [nio-8080-exec-4] org.hibernate.SQL   :
    select
        o1_0.id, ...
    from t_order o1_0

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binding parameter (1:BIGINT) <- [3]

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PropertyReferenceException: No property 'created' found for type 'Order'; Did you mean 'createdAt'?